4. ESTIMATING ROAD CONSTRUCTION UNIT
Rock may have to be blasted, loaded into one or more crusher(s), stockpiled, reloaded, transported, spread, and compacted. The costs for each of these operations can be developed by estimating the equipment production rates and machine rates. EXAMPLE: A relatively complex surfacing operation requires developing a 20,000 cubic meter solid rock source (26,400 cubic meters in the road prism) to